{"id":538,"date":"2021-06-28T16:55:56","date_gmt":"2021-06-28T14:55:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/graphonautedelespace.fr\/?p=538"},"modified":"2021-06-28T16:56:13","modified_gmt":"2021-06-28T14:56:13","slug":"episode-6-habiter-une-lune-de-planete-geante","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/graphonautedelespace.fr\/?p=538","title":{"rendered":"[EPISODE 6] Habiter une lune de plan\u00e8te g\u00e9ante"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.8.2″ background_color=”#FFFFFF” background_enable_image=”off” custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”0px|||||”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” positioning=”none” position_origin_r=”top_right” z_index=”0″ width=”100%” max_width=”1902px” custom_padding=”0px|||||”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181213183325im_\/http:\/\/scenario-terre.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/banniere-S5-fb.png” _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=”Ligne” _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_blurb title=”%91EPISODE 6%93 Spin-off lunaire” use_icon=”on” font_icon=”%%103%%” icon_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.61)” use_circle=”on” circle_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.16)” use_icon_font_size=”on” icon_font_size=”30px” _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”Trebuchet|300|||||||” text_orientation=”center”][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Trebuchet||||||||” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_font=”Nasalization||||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_text_color=”#ffffff” header_font_size=”50px” text_orientation=”center”]<\/p>\n

<\/em>Habiter une lune de plan\u00e8te g\u00e9ante
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[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=”#000000″ _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” width=”21%” module_alignment=”center”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Trebuchet||||||||” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

Depuis 1995 et la premi\u00e8re d\u00e9tection indirecte d\u2019une exoplan\u00e8te, plus de 3000 exoplan\u00e8tes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9pertori\u00e9es. Parmi elles, de nombreuses exo-Jupiters ont pu \u00eatre catalogu\u00e9es, dont certaines probablement entour\u00e9es de lunes comme Saturne et Jupiter dans le syst\u00e8me solaire.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ces g\u00e9antes gazeuses occupent deux zones autour des \u00e9toiles (voir figure ci-dessous). Soit \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de leur \u00e9toile, elles tournent alors en quelques jours autour de leur \u00e9toile (on appelle cela les Jupiters chauds ou \u00ab\u00a0Hot Jupiter\u00a0\u00bb), soit \u00e0 1-3 unit\u00e9s astronomiques. La majorit\u00e9 d\u2019entre elles occupent cette seconde zone qui correspond \u00e0 l\u2019orbite de la Terre ou de Mars. Dans le syst\u00e8me solaire, les plan\u00e8tes g\u00e9antes ont migr\u00e9 sur des orbites plus \u00e9loign\u00e9es, sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 5 unit\u00e9s astronomiques. Cela conduit alors l\u2019eau, si eau il y a, \u00e0 geler du fait des tr\u00e8s basses temp\u00e9ratures dues \u00e0 un faible rayonnement solaire\u2026mais l\u2019\u00e9nergie solaire n\u2019est peut-\u00eatre pas la seule source d\u2019\u00e9nergie possible.<\/p>\n

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Distribution des exo-jupiters en fonction de la distance \u00e0 leur \u00e9toile exprim\u00e9e ici en AU (astronomical unit) ou unit\u00e9 astronomique.
<\/em>1 AU = la distance Terre-Soleil = 150 millions de km<\/em><\/p>\n

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Oc\u00e9ans liquides des lunes des plan\u00e8tes g\u00e9antes<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bien que la vie sur une plan\u00e8te gazeuse ne semble pas \u00eatre possible, ces g\u00e9antes poss\u00e8dent un cort\u00e8ge de lunes, certaines de taille importante comme Titan autour de Saturne. Une autre lune de Saturne, Encelade, aurait un oc\u00e9an, sous sa surface de glace, maintenu liquide par des sources hydrothermales. Jupiter suscite \u00e9galement l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat des chercheurs car trois des\u00a0quatre lunes (Ganim\u00e8de, Callisto et Europa) observ\u00e9es par Galil\u00e9e en 1610 pourraient \u00eatre en partie constitu\u00e9es d\u2019eau liquide. La 4e, Io, est la lune super volcanique, martyris\u00e9e par les effets de mar\u00e9e sur sa surface par l\u2019attraction gravitationnelle de l\u2019\u00e9norme Jupiter. Ganim\u00e8de, Callisto et Europa apparaissent recouvertes d\u2019un manteau glac\u00e9. Que se passerait-il sur ces lunes si Jupiter \u00e9tait plus proche du Soleil ?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/scenarioterre.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/09\/4-europanasa.jpg?w=1000″ _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

Europa, une des quatres lunes galil\u00e9ennes de Jupiter. <\/em>
Elle est recouverte d\u2019une couche de glace.<\/em><\/p>\n

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A l\u2019horizon 2025, la mission JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) sera lanc\u00e9e \u00e0 vers Jupiter, pour un voyage de plus de sept ans. Une fois arriv\u00e9e \u00e0 destination, la sonde \u00e9tudiera de fa\u00e7on d\u00e9taill\u00e9e Jupiter et son syst\u00e8me dans toutes ses interactions et complexit\u00e9s. L\u2019accent sera mis sur Ganym\u00e8de en tant que corps plan\u00e9taire et habitat potentiel, mais Europa et Callisto seront aussi \u00e9tudi\u00e9es. Puisque ces trois lunes pourraient poss\u00e9der un oc\u00e9an liquide sous leur couche de glace, leur \u00e9tude est essentielle \u00e0 la compr\u00e9hension de l\u2019habitabilit\u00e9 des mondes glac\u00e9s. D\u2019autres missions imaginent une exp\u00e9dition humaine sur Europa\u2026<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_video src=”https:\/\/youtu.be\/cbw9hlBnG74″ _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

par Vincent Minier<\/p>\n

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Blog<\/h2>\n

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