[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.8.2″ background_color=”#FFFFFF” background_enable_image=”off” custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”0px|||||”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” positioning=”none” position_origin_r=”top_right” z_index=”0″ width=”100%” max_width=”1902px” custom_padding=”0px|||||”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/scenarioterre.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/09\/banniere-s3-wordpress.jpg?w=1800&h=720&crop=1″ title_text=”bannie\u0300re-S0-fbVF” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” min_height__hover_enabled=”on|desktop”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=”Ligne” _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_blurb title=”%91EPISODE 3%93 Soleil – Terre, la tension dramatique” use_icon=”on” font_icon=”%%103%%” icon_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.61)” use_circle=”on” circle_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.16)” use_icon_font_size=”on” icon_font_size=”30px” _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”Trebuchet|300|||||||” text_orientation=”center”][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_font=”Nasalization||||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_text_color=”#ffffff” header_font_size=”50px” text_orientation=”center”]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=”#000000″ _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” width=”21%” module_alignment=”center”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u00a0On ne peut \u00e9tudier que ce qu\u2019on a d\u2019abord r\u00eav\u00e9. [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_video src=”https:\/\/vimeo.com\/233127870″ _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Vincent Bontems est philosophe des sciences et techniques \u00e0 l’Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers (Irfu \/ CEA)<\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default”]<\/p>\n Le rapport le plus \u00e9vident de la Terre au Soleil s\u2019incarne par son irradiation\u00a0: l\u2019exposition de notre plan\u00e8te au rayonnement lumineux de son astre. Elle constitue l\u2019une de nos principales sources \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et conditionne une temp\u00e9rature plus cl\u00e9mente \u00e0 la surface terrestre. La lumi\u00e8re \u00e9mise par le Soleil balaye un large spectre de longueurs d\u2019onde. En particulier, la partie hautement \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique du rayonnement solaire, les extr\u00eames UV, UV et rayons X, jouent un r\u00f4le crucial dans le r\u00e9chauffement de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re des plan\u00e8tes.<\/p>\n Cependant, les \u00e9toiles \u00e9voluent. Au cours du temps, elles varient notamment en masse, en compositions chimique, en structure et en niveau d\u2019activit\u00e9 magn\u00e9tique. Par cons\u00e9quent, l\u2019intensit\u00e9 et la nature de leur rayonnement change. D\u2019apr\u00e8s la mod\u00e9lisation standard de l\u2019\u00e9volution du Soleil \u00e0 masse constante (MSS), le rayonnement du jeune Soleil \u00e9tait 30% moins intense qu\u2019actuellement.<\/p>\n Mais \u00e0 30% plus faible, et en consid\u00e9rant une atmosph\u00e8re semblable \u00e0 celle d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui, la temp\u00e9rature \u00e0 la surface terrestre serait n\u00e9gative (voir diagramme ci-dessous)! Et pourtant, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se de cette faiblesse solaire, notre plan\u00e8te est devenue habitable presque d\u00e8s ses d\u00e9buts. Durant des milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, elle offrait les conditions de temp\u00e9rature et de pression compatibles avec la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019eau liquide \u00e0 sa surface.\u00a0 La preuve la plus probante en est l\u2019apparition de la vie il y a 3,8 milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es. Elle y est apparue et ne l\u2019a plus quitt\u00e9e. Paradoxal.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Blogs” _builder_version=”3.22″ background_color=”#101535″ custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”|||”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.25″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.8.2″ text_font=”||||||||” header_font=”||||||||” header_2_font=”Titillium Web|600|||||||” header_2_font_size=”36px” header_2_letter_spacing=”2px” header_2_line_height=”1.3em” text_orientation=”center” background_layout=”dark” header_2_font_size_tablet=”” header_2_font_size_phone=”28px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=”#4328B7″ divider_weight=”4px” _builder_version=”3.2″ max_width=”80px” module_alignment=”center” height=”4px”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_blog fullwidth=”off” posts_number=”3″ include_categories=”65″ show_author=”off” show_categories=”off” show_pagination=”off” _builder_version=”3.3.1″ header_font=”Titillium Web|600|||||||” header_line_height=”1.4em” body_font=”||||||||” meta_font=”|600||on|||||” meta_line_height=”1.8em” border_width_all=”18px” border_color_all=”#ffffff” box_shadow_style=”preset1″ box_shadow_blur=”60px” box_shadow_color=”rgba(60,60,200,0.4)”][\/et_pb_blog][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" [et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.8.2″ background_color=”#FFFFFF” background_enable_image=”off” custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”0px|||||”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” positioning=”none” position_origin_r=”top_right” z_index=”0″ width=”100%” max_width=”1902px” custom_padding=”0px|||||”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/scenarioterre.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/09\/banniere-s3-wordpress.jpg?w=1800&h=720&crop=1″ title_text=”bannie\u0300re-S0-fbVF” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” min_height__hover_enabled=”on|desktop”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=”Ligne” _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_blurb title=”%91EPISODE 3%93 Soleil – Terre, la tension dramatique” use_icon=”on” font_icon=”%%103%%” icon_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.61)” use_circle=”on” circle_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.16)” use_icon_font_size=”on” icon_font_size=”30px” _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”Trebuchet|300|||||||” text_orientation=”center”][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.8.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_font=”Nasalization||||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_text_color=”#ffffff” […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":205,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"2880"},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/graphonautedelespace.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/578"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/graphonautedelespace.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/graphonautedelespace.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/graphonautedelespace.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/graphonautedelespace.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=578"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/graphonautedelespace.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/578\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":581,"href":"https:\/\/graphonautedelespace.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/578\/revisions\/581"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/graphonautedelespace.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/graphonautedelespace.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/graphonautedelespace.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/graphonautedelespace.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
La science se forme plut\u00f4t sur une r\u00eaverie que sur une exp\u00e9rience et il faut bien des exp\u00e9riences pour effacer les brumes du songe. \u00a0\u00bb
\u2014 Gaston Bachelard, La formation de l\u2019esprit scientifique<\/em><\/p>\nBlog<\/h2>\n